不饱和聚酯树脂室温固化体系研究进展

概述了不饱和聚酯树脂室温固化用氧化还原引发体系中引发剂、促进剂的种类和特点,并介绍了近年来不饱和聚酯树脂室温固化体系及其反应动力学的研究进展,旨在使人们对室温固化体系及其应用有一定的认识和了解。     

GH3230合金焊接板材长期热暴露后组织和性能研究

研究了GH3230合金焊接板材在经过不同温度(700～1000℃)、不同时间(1000～2000 h)的长期热暴露处理后显微组织和力学性能的变化。结果表明：热暴露处理后熔化区铸态组织的枝晶成分偏析程度显著降低,并且随着热暴露温度的升高,降低效果更明显,逐渐形成晶粒组织。在800℃以上长期热暴露后,室温抗拉强度和屈服强度有所降低,延伸率逐渐上升,主要是由于热影响区小颗粒状(CrW)₂₃C₆碳化物回溶和W₆C碳化物粗化导致的。随热暴露温度升高,高温持久断裂时间明显降低,而持久塑性有所升高,母材晶粒尺寸较小和碳化物粗化是焊接板材断裂在母材处的原因。     

Enantioselective Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Indoles to β‐Substituted Unsaturated Acyl Phosphonates

The first copper‐catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of indoles to β‐substituted unsaturated acyl phosphonates was successfully realized by using a heteroarylidene‐tethered bis(oxazoline) ligand. The reaction features high efficiency, cheap catalyst and broad generality. In the case of either β‐alkyl‐ or β‐aryl‐substituted unsaturated acyl phosphonates, the 3‐indolyl adducts were achieved in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee). The 3‐indolyl adducts can serve as important intermediates in the synthesis of indole alkaloids.

     

Mechanical role of reinforcement in seismic behavior of steel-strip reinforced earth wall

In the current design practices of steel-strip reinforced earth walls (SSREWs), the length of the reinforcing material is determined based on the equilibrium between the reinforcement tension and the earth pressure acting on the wall. Here, the resistance of the reinforcing material laid in the active failure zone (AFZ) is not considered. Moreover, the mechanical role of the reinforcing material against the integrity of the SSREW has not been sufficiently verified. Regarding the seismic stability of SSREW, although it is investigated by treating the entire reinforced earth wall as a rigid body, this inspection method is for gravity-retaining walls, and the difference in the seismic behavior between the SSREW and the rigid body is not clear. In this study, therefore, dynamic centrifuge model tests on 6 types of SSREWs were conducted to clarify the following items: (1) the basic earthquake behavior of a SSREW, (2) the mechanical role of the reinforcing material laid in the AFZ and (3) the mechanical role of the reinforcing material against the integrity of the SSREW. The results indicated that the reinforcing material laid in the AFZ can restrain the amount of deformation of the wall during earthquakes. Furthermore, the more stable the AFZ is, the smaller the maximum wall displacement will be.     

考虑变形及滞回效应影响的三维土-水特征曲面模型

为研究变形和滞回效应对非饱和土水-力耦合特性的影响,以边界面理论为基础,建立一个同时考虑变形及滞回效应影响的三维非饱和土土-水特征曲面模型,所建立模型可完整地描述非饱和土的水-力耦合特性。提出的本构方程以吸力和孔隙比为自变量,以饱和度为因变量,建立三维土-水特征曲面模型,通过编程实现了本模型的预测功能。通过程序的预测结果与一系列不同应力和水力路径下的试验结果进行对比,在饱和度-吸力/孔隙比二维平面及饱和度-吸力-孔隙比三维空间中,均验证了所建立模型的适用性及预测精度。     

不同质量分数乙醇、乙酸钠溶液对双乙酸钠结晶过程影响

为提高双乙酸钠(SDA)的产品质量,考察了温度、溶剂组成、乙酸钠含量等条件对SDA溶解性的影响,采用动态法测定了SDA在不同质量分数乙醇-水、乙酸钠-水混合溶剂中的溶解度,并测定了SDA在纯水和质量分数为0.799 6(w1=0.799 6)的乙醇溶液中的介稳区。结果表明,SDA易溶于水,微溶于乙醇,随乙醇质量分数增加,SDA溶解度降低愈加显著,且在w1=0.799 6的乙醇溶液中降低最为明显;随产物中乙酸钠含量增加,SDA溶解度逐渐减小,且在质量分数为0.083 2乙酸钠溶液中降低幅度最大;在300~315 K范围内,w1=0.799 6的乙醇溶液对SDA和乙酸钠有明显的分离效果;SDA的介稳区宽度在纯水中随温度升高逐渐变窄,而在w1=0.799 6的乙醇溶液中受温度影响变化小,且介稳区宽度较纯水中窄。因此,在SDA结晶中,可采用w1=0.799 6的乙醇溶液结晶分离SDA,且过饱和浓度需控制在介稳区内。     

非饱和重塑与结构性黄土等向压缩试验离散元分析

为了研究非饱和重塑与结构性黄土在等向压缩条件下宏微观力学性质,进行了等向压缩室内试验的离散元数值分析。运用本团队提出的非饱和结构性黄土三维胶结接触模型,根据室内真三轴试验标定三维接触模型参数,进行了非饱和重塑与结构性黄土的等向压缩离散元模拟,并与室内试验结果进行了对比,在此基础上分析了其宏微观力学机理。结果表明:离散元模拟结果能较好的定性反映黄土的力学特征,非饱和黄土的孔隙比随平均应力先缓慢下降,后在屈服压力附近开始过渡到快速下降;胶结接触在达到某阈值平均应力时开始发生破坏;胶结开始发生大量破坏的阈值与压缩曲线上的结构屈服应力有很好的对应关系。     

一个非饱和结构性黄土三维胶结接触模型

对非饱和结构性黄土进行离散元模拟需要合理的三维胶结接触模型。在含抗转动和抗扭转模型基础上引入了颗粒间吸引力以考虑范德华力和毛细力作用;提出了考虑胶结尺寸影响的胶结刚度和强度公式,考虑了不可恢复的化学胶结作用;建立了可以全面考虑含水率-孔隙比-吸力耦合作用的黄土接触模型。通过开展常规三轴压缩以及在不同偏应力水平下湿陷试验的三维离散元模拟,表明该三维接触模型可以较好地反映室内试验中非饱和结构性黄土的主要力学特性。